State for React and React Native · 1.0
Share state.One hook.Done.
Declare a store in one line and use it in any component — no Provider, actions or reducers. A component renders only when the value it selected changes, and saving happens when you decide.
npm install @kkwaenggwari/restateLive — a real restate store
useCart.set(cart => ({ ...cart, items: cart.items + 1, total: cart.total + 12 }))items and total changed — three cards render, the note stays still.
01 — Easy
The same feature, fewer concepts.
Four implementations of the same task, side by side. The counts come from the code shown here and are measured when this site is built.
Shared counter
Two components read and update one number.
Redux Toolkit Keeps updates in slices and actions dispatched to a store provided through React context. Excellent DevTools and a strict, predictable update flow for large teams.
Zustand Creates a store hook with create() and changes it with setState. Tiny and flexible, with middleware for persistence and DevTools.
Jotai Composes atoms and derived atoms, optionally inside a Provider. Fine-grained dependencies between many small pieces of state.
import { configureStore, createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import { Provider, useDispatch, useSelector } from 'react-redux';
const slice = createSlice({
name: 'count',
initialState: 0,
reducers: { increment: (count) => count + 1 },
});
const store = configureStore({
reducer: { count: slice.reducer },
});
function Counter() {
const count = useSelector((state) => state.count);
const dispatch = useDispatch();
return <button onClick={() => dispatch(slice.actions.increment())}>{count}</button>;
}
export default function App() {
return (
<Provider store={store}>
<Counter />
<Counter />
</Provider>
);
}import { create } from 'zustand';
const useCount = create(() => ({ count: 0 }));
const increment = () =>
useCount.setState((s) => ({
count: s.count + 1,
}));
function Counter() {
const count = useCount((s) => s.count);
return <button onClick={increment}>{count}</button>;
}
export default function App() {
return (
<>
<Counter />
<Counter />
</>
);
}import { atom, useAtom } from 'jotai';
const countAtom = atom(0);
function Counter() {
const [count, setCount] = useAtom(countAtom);
return <button onClick={() => setCount((n) => n + 1)}>{count}</button>;
}
export default function App() {
return (
<>
<Counter />
<Counter />
</>
);
}restate One declaration is both the store and the hook.
import { restate } from '@kkwaenggwari/restate';
const useCount = restate(0);
function Counter() {
const count = useCount();
return <button onClick={() => useCount.set((n) => n + 1)}>{count}</button>;
}
export default function App() {
return (
<>
<Counter />
<Counter />
</>
);
}Zustand and Jotai are also small and Provider-free for this task. The gap grows once saving and per-document state are involved.
Select one field
The title component must not render when only the body changes.
Redux Toolkit Keeps updates in slices and actions dispatched to a store provided through React context. Excellent DevTools and a strict, predictable update flow for large teams.
Zustand Creates a store hook with create() and changes it with setState. Tiny and flexible, with middleware for persistence and DevTools.
Jotai Composes atoms and derived atoms, optionally inside a Provider. Fine-grained dependencies between many small pieces of state.
import { configureStore, createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import { Provider, useSelector } from 'react-redux';
const article = createSlice({
name: 'article',
initialState: { title: 'Hello', body: '' },
reducers: {
editBody: (i) => {
i.body += '!';
},
editTitle: (i) => {
i.title += '!';
},
},
});
const store = configureStore({ reducer: article.reducer });
function Title() {
const title = useSelector((i) => i.title);
return <h3>{title}</h3>;
}
export default function App() {
return (
<Provider store={store}>
<Title />
<button onClick={() => store.dispatch(article.actions.editBody())}>body + !</button>
<button onClick={() => store.dispatch(article.actions.editTitle())}>title + !</button>
</Provider>
);
}import { create } from 'zustand';
const useArticle = create(() => ({ title: 'Hello', body: '' }));
function Title() {
const title = useArticle((i) => i.title);
return <h3>{title}</h3>;
}
export default function App() {
return (
<>
<Title />
<button
onClick={() =>
useArticle.setState((i) => ({
body: i.body + '!',
}))
}
>
body + !
</button>
<button
onClick={() =>
useArticle.setState((i) => ({
title: i.title + '!',
}))
}
>
title + !
</button>
</>
);
}import { atom, useAtomValue, useSetAtom } from 'jotai';
const articleAtom = atom({ title: 'Hello', body: '' });
const titleAtom = atom((get) => get(articleAtom).title);
function Title() {
const title = useAtomValue(titleAtom);
return <h3>{title}</h3>;
}
export default function App() {
const setArticle = useSetAtom(articleAtom);
return (
<>
<Title />
<button
onClick={() =>
setArticle((i) => ({
...i,
body: i.body + '!',
}))
}
>
body + !
</button>
<button
onClick={() =>
setArticle((i) => ({
...i,
title: i.title + '!',
}))
}
>
title + !
</button>
</>
);
}restate Pass a selector to the same hook you already use.
import { restate } from '@kkwaenggwari/restate';
const useArticle = restate({ title: 'Hello', body: '' });
function Title() {
const title = useArticle((i) => i.title);
return <h3>{title}</h3>;
}
export default function App() {
return (
<>
<Title />
<button
onClick={() =>
useArticle.set((i) => ({
...i,
body: i.body + '!',
}))
}
>
body + !
</button>
<button
onClick={() =>
useArticle.set((i) => ({
...i,
title: i.title + '!',
}))
}
>
title + !
</button>
</>
);
}Every tool here can select. restate uses the same hook call instead of a separate selector hook or a derived atom.
Save a draft
Restore a saved draft at startup, save on click, and show saving, unsaved and failed states.
Redux Toolkit Keeps updates in slices and actions dispatched to a store provided through React context. Excellent DevTools and a strict, predictable update flow for large teams.
Zustand Creates a store hook with create() and changes it with setState. Tiny and flexible, with middleware for persistence and DevTools.
Jotai Composes atoms and derived atoms, optionally inside a Provider. Fine-grained dependencies between many small pieces of state.
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
import { configureStore, createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import { Provider, useSelector } from 'react-redux';
function openDraftDB() {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const request = indexedDB.open('draft-example', 1);
let blocked = false;
request.onupgradeneeded = () => {
request.result.createObjectStore('drafts');
};
request.onblocked = () => {
blocked = true;
reject(new Error('Close other tabs to upgrade storage'));
};
request.onerror = () => reject(request.error);
request.onsuccess = () => {
const db = request.result;
if (blocked) {
db.close();
return;
}
db.onversionchange = () => db.close();
resolve(db);
};
});
}
async function storedDraft(mode, text) {
const db = await openDraftDB();
try {
return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const tx = db.transaction('drafts', mode);
const store = tx.objectStore('drafts');
const request = mode === 'readonly' ? store.get('draft') : store.put(text, 'draft');
tx.oncomplete = () => resolve(request.result);
tx.onabort = () => reject(tx.error || new Error('Storage aborted'));
});
} finally {
db.close();
}
}
const draft = createSlice({
name: 'draft',
initialState: '',
reducers: { edit: (_, action) => action.payload },
});
const store = configureStore({ reducer: { draft: draft.reducer } });
const hydrated = storedDraft('readonly').then((saved) => {
if (saved === undefined) return;
if (typeof saved !== 'string') throw new Error('Invalid draft');
const value = saved;
store.dispatch(draft.actions.edit(value));
});
// Observe errors immediately, even before the component mounts.
hydrated.catch(() => {});
function DraftEditor() {
const text = useSelector((state) => state.draft);
const [ready, setReady] = useState(false);
const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
const [message, setMessage] = useState('Loading');
useEffect(() => {
let active = true;
hydrated.then(
() => {
if (active) {
setReady(true);
setMessage('Ready');
}
},
() => {
if (active) setMessage('Storage error');
},
);
return () => {
active = false;
};
}, []);
async function save() {
setSaving(true);
try {
await storedDraft('readwrite', store.getState().draft);
setMessage('Saved');
} catch {
setMessage('Save failed');
} finally {
setSaving(false);
}
}
return (
<>
<label>
Draft
<textarea
value={text}
disabled={!ready || saving}
onChange={(event) => {
const value = event.target.value;
store.dispatch(draft.actions.edit(value));
setMessage('Edited');
}}
/>
</label>
<output>{text}</output>
<button disabled={!ready || saving} onClick={save}>
Save
</button>
<p>{message}</p>
</>
);
}
export default function App() {
return (
<Provider store={store}>
<DraftEditor />
</Provider>
);
}import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
import { create } from 'zustand';
function openDraftDB() {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const request = indexedDB.open('draft-example', 1);
let blocked = false;
request.onupgradeneeded = () => {
request.result.createObjectStore('drafts');
};
request.onblocked = () => {
blocked = true;
reject(new Error('Close other tabs to upgrade storage'));
};
request.onerror = () => reject(request.error);
request.onsuccess = () => {
const db = request.result;
if (blocked) {
db.close();
return;
}
db.onversionchange = () => db.close();
resolve(db);
};
});
}
async function storedDraft(mode, text) {
const db = await openDraftDB();
try {
return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const tx = db.transaction('drafts', mode);
const store = tx.objectStore('drafts');
const request = mode === 'readonly' ? store.get('draft') : store.put(text, 'draft');
tx.oncomplete = () => resolve(request.result);
tx.onabort = () => reject(tx.error || new Error('Storage aborted'));
});
} finally {
db.close();
}
}
const useDraft = create(() => ({ text: '' }));
const hydrated = storedDraft('readonly').then((saved) => {
if (saved === undefined) return;
if (typeof saved !== 'string') throw new Error('Invalid draft');
const value = saved;
useDraft.setState({ text: value });
});
// Observe errors immediately, even before the component mounts.
hydrated.catch(() => {});
function DraftEditor() {
const text = useDraft((state) => state.text);
const [ready, setReady] = useState(false);
const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
const [message, setMessage] = useState('Loading');
useEffect(() => {
let active = true;
hydrated.then(
() => {
if (active) {
setReady(true);
setMessage('Ready');
}
},
() => {
if (active) setMessage('Storage error');
},
);
return () => {
active = false;
};
}, []);
async function save() {
setSaving(true);
try {
await storedDraft('readwrite', useDraft.getState().text);
setMessage('Saved');
} catch {
setMessage('Save failed');
} finally {
setSaving(false);
}
}
return (
<>
<label>
Draft
<textarea
value={text}
disabled={!ready || saving}
onChange={(event) => {
const value = event.target.value;
useDraft.setState({ text: value });
setMessage('Edited');
}}
/>
</label>
<output>{text}</output>
<button disabled={!ready || saving} onClick={save}>
Save
</button>
<p>{message}</p>
</>
);
}
export default function App() {
return <DraftEditor />;
}import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
import { atom, createStore, useAtomValue } from 'jotai';
function openDraftDB() {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const request = indexedDB.open('draft-example', 1);
let blocked = false;
request.onupgradeneeded = () => {
request.result.createObjectStore('drafts');
};
request.onblocked = () => {
blocked = true;
reject(new Error('Close other tabs to upgrade storage'));
};
request.onerror = () => reject(request.error);
request.onsuccess = () => {
const db = request.result;
if (blocked) {
db.close();
return;
}
db.onversionchange = () => db.close();
resolve(db);
};
});
}
async function storedDraft(mode, text) {
const db = await openDraftDB();
try {
return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const tx = db.transaction('drafts', mode);
const store = tx.objectStore('drafts');
const request = mode === 'readonly' ? store.get('draft') : store.put(text, 'draft');
tx.oncomplete = () => resolve(request.result);
tx.onabort = () => reject(tx.error || new Error('Storage aborted'));
});
} finally {
db.close();
}
}
const draftAtom = atom('');
const store = createStore();
const hydrated = storedDraft('readonly').then((saved) => {
if (saved === undefined) return;
if (typeof saved !== 'string') throw new Error('Invalid draft');
const value = saved;
store.set(draftAtom, value);
});
// Observe errors immediately, even before the component mounts.
hydrated.catch(() => {});
function DraftEditor() {
const text = useAtomValue(draftAtom, { store });
const [ready, setReady] = useState(false);
const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
const [message, setMessage] = useState('Loading');
useEffect(() => {
let active = true;
hydrated.then(
() => {
if (active) {
setReady(true);
setMessage('Ready');
}
},
() => {
if (active) setMessage('Storage error');
},
);
return () => {
active = false;
};
}, []);
async function save() {
setSaving(true);
try {
await storedDraft('readwrite', store.get(draftAtom));
setMessage('Saved');
} catch {
setMessage('Save failed');
} finally {
setSaving(false);
}
}
return (
<>
<label>
Draft
<textarea
value={text}
disabled={!ready || saving}
onChange={(event) => {
const value = event.target.value;
store.set(draftAtom, value);
setMessage('Edited');
}}
/>
</label>
<output>{text}</output>
<button disabled={!ready || saving} onClick={save}>
Save
</button>
<p>{message}</p>
</>
);
}
export default function App() {
return <DraftEditor />;
}restate persistedRestate restores automatically, and useStatus reports saving, unsaved changes and errors.
import { persistedRestate } from '@kkwaenggwari/restate';
const useDraft = persistedRestate('', {
key: 'draft',
validate: (value) => typeof value === 'string',
});
export default function App() {
const text = useDraft();
const { dirty, operation, error } = useDraft.useStatus();
const saving = operation === 'save';
const message = error ? 'Save failed' : saving ? 'Saving…' : dirty ? 'Edited' : 'Saved';
return (
<>
<label>
Draft
<textarea value={text} onChange={(event) => useDraft.set(event.target.value)} />
</label>
<output>{text}</output>
<button disabled={saving} onClick={() => useDraft.save().catch(() => {})}>
Save
</button>
<p>{message}</p>
</>
);
}The other versions write the same IndexedDB code by hand. Their persistence middleware or storage utilities can shorten this with an adapter; that code is not counted here.
State per document
Two documents keep independent state, and closing one releases it.
Redux Toolkit Keeps updates in slices and actions dispatched to a store provided through React context. Excellent DevTools and a strict, predictable update flow for large teams.
Zustand Creates a store hook with create() and changes it with setState. Tiny and flexible, with middleware for persistence and DevTools.
Jotai Composes atoms and derived atoms, optionally inside a Provider. Fine-grained dependencies between many small pieces of state.
import { useState } from 'react';
import { configureStore, createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import { Provider, useSelector } from 'react-redux';
const draft = createSlice({
name: 'draft',
initialState: '',
reducers: { edit: (_, action) => action.payload },
});
const selectionSlice = createSlice({
name: 'selection',
initialState: 0,
reducers: { next: (index) => index + 1 },
});
function createDocument() {
return {
store: configureStore({
reducer: {
draft: draft.reducer,
selection: selectionSlice.reducer,
},
}),
};
}
function Document({ doc, name }) {
const text = useSelector((state) => state.draft);
const selection = useSelector((state) => state.selection);
return (
<section>
<label>
{name}
<input
value={text}
onChange={(event) => doc.store.dispatch(draft.actions.edit(event.target.value))}
/>
</label>
<output>{text}</output>
<button onClick={() => doc.store.dispatch(selectionSlice.actions.next())}>
Selection: {selection}
</button>
</section>
);
}
function DocumentSlot({ name }) {
const [doc] = useState(createDocument);
return (
<Provider store={doc.store}>
<Document doc={doc} name={name} />
</Provider>
);
}
export default function App() {
const [leftOpen, setLeftOpen] = useState(true);
return (
<>
<button onClick={() => setLeftOpen((open) => !open)}>
{leftOpen ? 'Close left' : 'Open left'}
</button>
{leftOpen && <DocumentSlot name="Left" />}
<DocumentSlot name="Right" />
</>
);
}import { useState } from 'react';
import { useStore } from 'zustand';
import { createStore } from 'zustand/vanilla';
function createDocument() {
return {
draft: createStore(() => ({ text: '' })),
selection: createStore(() => ({ index: 0 })),
};
}
function Document({ doc, name }) {
const text = useStore(doc.draft, (state) => state.text);
const selection = useStore(doc.selection, (state) => state.index);
return (
<section>
<label>
{name}
<input
value={text}
onChange={(event) => doc.draft.setState({ text: event.target.value })}
/>
</label>
<output>{text}</output>
<button onClick={() => doc.selection.setState((s) => ({ index: s.index + 1 }))}>
Selection: {selection}
</button>
</section>
);
}
function DocumentSlot({ name }) {
const [doc] = useState(createDocument);
return <Document doc={doc} name={name} />;
}
export default function App() {
const [leftOpen, setLeftOpen] = useState(true);
return (
<>
<button onClick={() => setLeftOpen((open) => !open)}>
{leftOpen ? 'Close left' : 'Open left'}
</button>
{leftOpen && <DocumentSlot name="Left" />}
<DocumentSlot name="Right" />
</>
);
}import { useState } from 'react';
import { atom, createStore, useAtomValue } from 'jotai';
const draftAtom = atom('');
const selectionAtom = atom(0);
function createDocument() {
return { store: createStore() };
}
function Document({ doc, name }) {
const text = useAtomValue(draftAtom, { store: doc.store });
const selection = useAtomValue(selectionAtom, { store: doc.store });
return (
<section>
<label>
{name}
<input value={text} onChange={(event) => doc.store.set(draftAtom, event.target.value)} />
</label>
<output>{text}</output>
<button onClick={() => doc.store.set(selectionAtom, (n) => n + 1)}>
Selection: {selection}
</button>
</section>
);
}
function DocumentSlot({ name }) {
const [doc] = useState(createDocument);
return <Document doc={doc} name={name} />;
}
export default function App() {
const [leftOpen, setLeftOpen] = useState(true);
return (
<>
<button onClick={() => setLeftOpen((open) => !open)}>
{leftOpen ? 'Close left' : 'Open left'}
</button>
{leftOpen && <DocumentSlot name="Left" />}
<DocumentSlot name="Right" />
</>
);
}restate useRestateScope creates the stores and destroys them after unmount.
import { useState } from 'react';
import { restate, useRestateScope } from '@kkwaenggwari/restate';
function Document({ name }) {
const doc = useRestateScope((scope) => ({
useDraft: restate('', { scope }),
useSelection: restate(0, { scope }),
}));
const text = doc.useDraft();
const selection = doc.useSelection();
return (
<section>
<label>
{name}
<input value={text} onChange={(event) => doc.useDraft.set(event.target.value)} />
</label>
<output>{text}</output>
<button onClick={() => doc.useSelection.set((n) => n + 1)}>Selection: {selection}</button>
</section>
);
}
export default function App() {
const [leftOpen, setLeftOpen] = useState(true);
return (
<>
<button onClick={() => setLeftOpen((open) => !open)}>
{leftOpen ? 'Close left' : 'Open left'}
</button>
{leftOpen && <Document name="Left" />}
<Document name="Right" />
</>
);
}A Jotai Provider or store and Zustand vanilla stores can isolate state too; you create and connect them yourself.
How these numbers are counted
Non-empty lines of the code shown, and the names imported from each state library (React imports are not counted). Every version renders the same UI with the same storage, loading and error states. Restate examples assume await restateManager.ready at the app entry. Sources were checked against each project’s official documentation:
- Redux Toolkit — Redux Toolkit · Quick Start, React Redux · useSelector, Redux Toolkit · configureStore. Choose it when one audited action log and a large middleware ecosystem matter most
- Zustand — Zustand · Introduction, Zustand · persist. Choose it when you want the smallest core and prefer composing middleware
- Jotai — Jotai · atom, Jotai · Storage, Jotai · Provider. Choose it when your state is naturally a graph of small derived values
02 — Fast
Render only what changed. Write only once.
Both panels run the real restate package in your browser. Click, type and watch the counters.
Render map
The same four fields read two ways. Change one field and count the renders.
- Name
- Theme
- Count
- Draft
- Name
- Theme
- Count
- Draft
Merged writes
autoSave waits for a pause in typing, then writes once. A burst of save() calls shares one queued write.
persistedRestate('', { key: 'note', autoSave: { delayMs: 400 } });Counts come from real React renders and a counting storage adapter on this page. Other libraries can select values too; here, selecting is simply how you read.
03 — Stable
When storage fails, your data stays put.
Saving is where state gets lost: slow disks, blocked storage, closed tabs. These are guarantees of restate 1.0, not advice.
- 01
Saves run in order
Each store runs its storage operations one after another, so a slow save never lets an older value overwrite a newer one.
save() · restore() - 02
A waiting save takes the newest value
Calling save() while another save waits in the queue joins it instead of stacking more writes.
save(): Promise<T> - 03
Unread records are never overwritten by accident
If a record failed to load, autoSave and bulk saves leave it alone and report LOAD_FAILED. Only an explicit save() may replace it.
LOAD_FAILED - 04
Unmount, and the save still finishes
Saves requested before unmount complete. Later writes to a destroyed store are ignored, like React state after unmount.
useRestateScope - 05
No storage? The app still starts
During server rendering or with blocked storage, stores keep working in memory and report that storage is unavailable.
status().available - 06
Errors say what and where
Every restate error carries a typed code and the key of its record, so you can show the right message.
error.code · error.key
Grows with your app
Change the declaration. Keep your components.
Saving, autosave and validation are options of the same store. The component on the right never changes.
Memory
A shared value in memory.
import { restate } from '@kkwaenggwari/restate'; export const useDraft = restate('');Saved
Restored automatically; written when you call save().
import { persistedRestate } from '@kkwaenggwari/restate'; export const useDraft = persistedRestate('', { key: 'draft' });Autosave
Written once after typing pauses for 500 ms.
import { persistedRestate } from '@kkwaenggwari/restate'; export const useDraft = persistedRestate('', { key: 'draft', autoSave: { delayMs: 500 }, });Validated
Older records are migrated and checked before use.
import { persistedRestate } from '@kkwaenggwari/restate'; export const useDraft = persistedRestate('', { key: 'draft', autoSave: { delayMs: 500 }, version: 2, migrate: (value) => String(value ?? ''), validate: (value) => typeof value === 'string', });
Component — unchanged in every step
function Editor() {
const text = useDraft();
return <textarea value={text} onChange={(event) => useDraft.set(event.target.value)} />;
}Runs where React runs
One package for every React surface.
react >=16.8.0React
Works with React 16.8 and later, in the browser and during server rendering.
react-native-mmkv >=2.0.0React Native
The same imports. Saving uses MMKV once react-native-mmkv is installed.
SSRServer rendering
Component-owned stores take their server snapshot from props and start loading after hydration.
index.d.tsTypeScript
Declarations are included. Selectors, status fields and error codes are typed.
Get started
Your first shared state in a minute.
Install, declare, use. Add saving when your app needs it.
- 01Install
npm install @kkwaenggwari/restate - 02Declare a store
export const useCart = restate({ items: 0, total: 0 }); - 03Read it in any component
const items = useCart((cart) => cart.items);
KKWAENGGWARI